Optical fibre class 12 physics investigatory project report. Project muse basic optics and optical instruments by. Choosing between optical loss and optical time domain reflectometry as fiber grows more common, network owners, network technicians and network installers are paying more attention to the two crucial devices for certifying fiber optical cable. The resolving power of a perfect optical system is determined by diffraction. Common examples include periscopes, microscopes, telescopes, and cameras. Use of an optical instruments, such as a magnifying lens or any complicated device like microscope or telescope usually makes things bigger and. Design certificate programbuilds on optical systems engineering skills gained in the optical engineering program and address the growing demand for skilled professionals who can conceptualize, design, and manufacture these optical and optomechanical components, systems,and instruments. Enclosed light tight chamber light detector film or photo cells lens combination to focus the image on the film or photo cells. Ray optics and optical instruments important points. Do you know that the human eye is not sensitive to all the visible lights. Optics and optical instruments light light is a form of energy eyes.
Analysis generally involves the laws of reflection and refraction. This section briefly discusses some of these limitations and section 6. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Pot lens in cell, spin up about optical axis, make final cut on mechanical surfaces datum surfaces on subcells can be controlled to microns barrel bore and shim spacers can be controlled to micron levels subcells are stacked up in barrel like poker chips figure 4. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes pdf download. Ppt optical instruments powerpoint presentation free. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. The binocular device is a generally compact instrument for both. The elective courses provide an opportunity for students to develop specialized skills related to their professional needs or personal interests. Light waves can be bent and reflected to form new and sometimes altered images.
Thebook explainsthebasicoperation oflenses, mirrors,telescopesinthelaboratory. Instruments employing a microscope objective will have two fundamental limitations. Jun 23, 2019 a telescope is an optical instrument that makes distant objects appear magnified by using an arrangement of lenses or curved mirrors and lenses, or various devices used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Many optical instruments use a microscope objective to magnify the features on the surface being measured. Analysis uses the procedures of geometrical optics. A wide variety of optical instruments exists in which the human eye forms an integral part of the system. Optical instruments optics demonstration experiments. Optical instrument an overview sciencedirect topics. Chemistry project on optical fiber and its applications. The topic of this project is optical fiber and its applications. Components of optical instruments instrumental analysis. The incident ray, normal and reflected ray all lie in the same plane. Mcas light and optics practice problems ap physics.
Sep 30, 2018 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The projects in optics education kit is a hands on, selfpaced tool for both teaching and learning the fundamentals of optics and photonics. A scientist examines minute details on the surface of a disk drive at a magnification of 100,000 times. It states that for each and every object, there is an image.
Optical instruments,ray optics and optical instruments. The optical instrument design program provides advanced study options for experienced optical engineering professionals allowing them to address a wider range of optical and optomechanical design issues. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter 9. Fourier transforms are used extensively in this course beginning with chapter7.
This is a valid approach, but it is time consuming and unnecessary. In various optical instruments, two or more lenses are combined to 1. Use of an optical instruments, such as a magnifying lens or any complicated device like microscope or telescope usually makes things bigger and helps us to see in a more detailed manner. Introduction to vision and optical instruments physics. This chapter discusses the basic optical instruments. Optical instruments thin lens equation refractive power cameras the human eye combining lenses resolution. The classes will provide a balanced mix of lectures and handson laboratory experiments for those that are interested in.
We also acknowledge previous national science foundation support under grant numbers. Understanding how light rays can be manipulated allows us to create better contact lenses, fiber optic cables, and high powered telescopes. The first optical instruments were telescopes used for magnification of distant images, and microscopes used for magnifying very tiny images. When a light ray traveling from one medium to the other comes back to the same medium at the interface, then it is called reflection of light. Note that source radiation of the selected wavelength is sent through the sample, and the transmitted radiation is measured by the detectorsignal processingreadout unit. Optical instruments,ray optics and optical instruments get topics notes, online test, video lectures, doubts and solutions for cbse class 12science on topperlearning. Ppt optical instruments powerpoint presentation free to. This new generation of optical instruments that returned stunning. Special topics include optical instruments like telescopes, microscopes, beam projectors, cameras and optical measuring benches. This book provides a detailed description of the visual ergonomics of such instruments.
The initial stage of the project is the construction of the australian square kilometre array. What optics are and different types, and how they work and form images. Optical instruments have a number of limitations, some of which are generic, and some that are specific to instrument types. Use of an optical instruments, such as a magnifying lens or any complicated device like microscope or telescope usually makes things bigger and helps us to see in a. Suitable as a stand alone course or as supplemental material for other optics courses, this set is composed of ten projects, each designed to explain, and provide a tangible understanding of, a fundamental. An optical instrument or optic for short is a device that either processes light waves or photons to enhance an image for viewing, or to analyze and determine their characteristic properties.
Sep 07, 2014 one such possible approach to lens combination is to consider each image formed by each lens as the object for the next lens and so on. New cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors. An introduction to practical laboratory optics aimed at laboratory workers and students taking laboratory courses in experimental optics, this book introduces readers to optical instruments and their uses. Friends, heres a great physics investigatory project for class 12 students. The magnifying power or angular magnification of a visual instrument is defined as. P a g e 8 optical instruments optical instruments are the devices which help human eye i in observing highly magnified images of tiny objects,for detailed examination,eg. Chapter 18 problem 37 page 612 suppose you point a pinhole camera at a 15m. To explain certain phenomena, the wave nature of light must be used. This microscope is at a small distance from the object for the magnification and hence this forms a virtual image. The presentation below is su ciently comprehensive for the student who encounters fourier. Chapter 12 the eye as an optical instrument 287 12 under most normal viewing conditions, the quality of the retinal images is governed by the wavelike nature of the light. A magnifier is a single lens that produces for visual observation an erect virtual image of a nearby object. Microscope, ii ii in observing very far off objectsterrestial or astronomical, eg. Basic optics and optical instruments is not a physics text.
Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse. Optical fibre class 12 physics investigatory project. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter. To know this let us understand the term ray optics and discuss it in detail. Chapter 18 problem 37 page 612 suppose you point a pinhole. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Reflection reflection is the phenomenon of changing the path of. Project muse basic optics and optical instruments by bureau. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter 9 1. All the distance measurements are done from pole of the. Optical instruments optical instruments are the devices which process light wave to enhance an image for more clear view. Optical instruments are the devices which process light wave to enhance an image for more clear view.
Leach, in fundamental principles of engineering nanometrology, 2010. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments free pdf download. Using physics, camera makers design lenses to minimize this effect, but depending on the focal length of the lens, and distance to your subject, this phenomenon can show up in any camera. The book begins with a section on image formation and basic optical components. We can put together systems of lenses, mirrors, prisms, polarizers, filters, beam splitters, and all the other optical components we have discussed, to make a variety of common optical instruments, using raytracing methods. One such possible approach to lens combination is to consider each image formed by each lens as the object for the next lens and so on. Since the days of galileo and van leeuwenhoek, these instruments have been greatly improved and extended into other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. For our purposes, in understanding how optical instruments work, the wave theory of light is entirely adequate. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and. That is why ray optics is called geometrical optics. Optical instruments free download as powerpoint presentation. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. The basic structure and theory of each type of instrument is discussed, as well as performance criteria, limitations, and caveats.
The eye is perhaps the most interesting of all optical instruments. As the optical diagram below shows, a scheiner disk in a light beam produces a doubled and blurred image outside the plane of focus, and thats easier to recognize than an image which is. In this unit, lets learn about reflection, refraction, defects in the human eye and the lenses we use to correct them, and optical instruments such as the microscope and. A bundle of optical fibers a toslink fiber optic audio cable being illuminated at one end applications optical fiber communication optical fiber can be used as a medium for telecommunication and networking because it is flexible and can be bundled as cables. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 9 ray optics. A simple microscope is an optical instrument, we use for the magnification of small objects to get a clear image or vision. In this unit, lets learn about reflection, refraction, defects in the human eye and the lenses we use to correct them, and optical instruments such as the. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content books basic optics and optical instruments. The image was produced using an electron microscope. With some instruments, the position of the sample and wavelength selector is reversed. The simple microscope enables us to view very small. Jul 02, 2019 ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter 9 1. Light plays an important role to view the objects around us.
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